Cold ionospheric ions in the magnetosphere
M. Andr\'e (1), S. Toledo-Redondo (2), A. W. Yau (3) ((1) Swedish, Institute of Space Physics, Uppsala, Sweden, (2) Universit\'e de Toulouse,, Toulouse, France, (3) University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada)
TL;DR
This paper discusses the significance of cold ionospheric ions in the Earth's magnetosphere, highlighting their influence on large-scale plasma physics, energy transport, and mass outflow.
Contribution
It provides a comprehensive overview of the role of cold ionospheric ions in magnetospheric dynamics and their impact on various physical processes.
Findings
Cold ions dominate magnetospheric plasma composition.
They significantly influence plasma temperature and pressure.
Ions contribute to Earth's mass outflow.
Abstract
Cold (eV) ions of ionospheric origin are a major source of magnetospheric plasma. These ions dominate the number density for most of the volume of the magnetosphere, most of the time. This affects large-scale physics, including plasma temperature and pressure (and thus instability thresholds) and the Alfv\'en velocity (and thus energy transport with waves and the magnetic reconnection rate). This also affects small-scale kinetic plasma physics, including wave generation and the Hall physics of reconnection. Ions escaping from the ionosphere also represent a significant fraction of the mass outflow from planet Earth.
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