Proca balls with angular momentum or flux of electric field

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new family of localized, finite-energy solutions called Proca balls in SU(2) Higgs-Proca theory, which possess angular momentum or electric flux, circumventing previous no-go theorems.

Contribution

It demonstrates the existence of static, axially symmetric solutions with angular momentum or electric flux, breaking the conditions of prior no-go theorems in gauge theories.

Findings

Proca balls possess nonzero angular momentum or electric flux.

Solutions depend on the ratio of Proca-field masses.

External sources can produce solutions with equal Proca-field masses.

Abstract

Within SU(2) Higgs-Proca theory, we obtain a family of nontopological static solutions describing localized, finite-energy configurations (Proca balls). The gauge symmetry of the theory is explicitly broken by introducing a vector Proca field whose components have different masses. Such solutions describe particlelike systems,the crucial feature of which is that they either possess a nonzero total angular momentum or have a flux of electric field through the plane of symmetry of such objects. It is shown that the angular momentum is provided by static crossed electric and magnetic fields. The existence of the solutions is caused by the fact that we circumvent the conditions of the no-go theorem, according to which there are no stationary and axially symmetric spinning excitations for the 't~Hooft-Polyakov monopoles, Julia-Zee dyons, sphalerons, and also vortices. The dependence of some integral physical quantities on the ratio of the Proca-field masses is studied. It is demonstrated that the inclusion of external sources (charges) enables one to obtain solutions with equal Proca-field masses. We also discuss the possibilities of using quarks as sources of the Proca field under investigation and for treating the Proca balls as glueballs in SU(2) Higgs-Proca theory.