Relating the outer-independent total Roman domination number with some classical parameters of graphs

TL;DR

This paper introduces new bounds for the outer-independent total Roman domination number of graphs, relating it to classical graph parameters, and computes it for specific graph families like Sierpiński and circulant graphs.

Contribution

It provides improved bounds for the parameter and explores its relationships with other classical graph invariants, along with explicit calculations for certain graph classes.

Findings

Derived tighter bounds for the outer-independent total Roman domination number.

Established relationships between this parameter and classical graph parameters.

Computed the parameter for Sierpiński, circulant, and product graphs.

Abstract

For a given graph $G$ without isolated vertex we consider a function $f: V(G) \rightarrow \{0,1,2\}$. For every $i\in \{0,1,2\}$, let $V_i=\{v\in V(G):\; f(v)=i\}$. The function $f$ is known to be an outer-independent total Roman dominating function for the graph $G$ if it is satisfied that; (i) every vertex in $V_0$ is adjacent to at least one vertex in $V_2$; (ii) $V_0$ is an independent set; and (iii) the subgraph induced by $V_1\cup V_2$ has no isolated vertex. The minimum possible weight $\omega(f)=\sum_{v\in V(G)}f(v)$ among all outer-independent total Roman dominating functions for $G$ is called the outer-independent total Roman domination number of $G$. In this article we obtain new tight bounds for this parameter that improve some well-known results. Such bounds can also be seen as relationships between this parameter and several other classical parameters in graph theory like the domination, total domination, Roman domination, independence, and vertex cover numbers. In addition, we compute the outer-independent total Roman domination number of Sierpi\'nski graphs, circulant graphs, and the Cartesian and direct products of complete graphs.