Temperature Measurements of Liquid Flat Jets in Vacuum

TL;DR

This study systematically characterizes the temperature of sub-micron liquid flat jets in vacuum using Raman spectroscopy, revealing how material properties and source parameters influence cooling rates.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive Raman spectroscopy method to measure temperature profiles of ultra-thin liquid jets in vacuum, a previously uninvestigated area.

Findings

Water flatjets reach approximately 268 K

Ethanol flatjets reach approximately 253 K

Cooling rate depends on material vapor pressure and source parameters

Abstract

Sub-{\mu}m thin samples are essential for spectroscopic purposes. The development of flat micro-jets enabled novel spectroscopic and scattering methods for investigating molecular systems in the liquid phase. However characterization of the temperature of these ultra-thin liquid sheets in vacuum has not been systematically investigated. Here we present a comprehensive temperature characterization of two methods producing sub-micron flatjets, using optical Raman spectroscopy: colliding of two cylindrical jets and a cylindrical jet compressed by a high pressure gas. Our results reveal the dependence of the cooling rate on the material properties and the source characteristics, i.e. nozzle orifice size,flowrate, pressure. We show that materials with higher vapour pressures exhibit faster cooling rates which is illustrated by comparing the temperature profile of liquid water and ethanol flatjets. In a sub-{\mu}m liquid sheet, the temperature of the water sample reaches around 268 K and the ethanol around 253 K.