Modeling atom interferometry experiments with Bose-Einstein condensates in power-law potentials

TL;DR

This paper introduces a rapid variational model for simulating Bose-Einstein condensate atom interferometry experiments in power-law potentials, enabling efficient analysis of complex experimental conditions.

Contribution

It presents a new approximate variational approach to solve the Gross--Pitaevskii equation for BECs in power-law potentials, facilitating the design and analysis of atom interferometry experiments.

Findings

The model accurately predicts interference patterns in BEC-based AI experiments.

Finite-size and interaction effects significantly influence the Sagnac phase shift.

Application to a dual-Sagnac interferometer demonstrates the model's practical utility.

Abstract

Recent atom interferometry (AI) experiments involving Bose--Einstein condensates (BECs) have been conducted under extreme conditions of volume and interrogation time. Numerical solution of the standard mean-field theory applied to these experiments presents a nearly intractable challenge. We present an approximate variational model that provides rapid approximate solutions of the rotating-frame Gross--Pitaevskii equation for a power-law potential. This model is well-suited to the design and analysis of AI experiments involving BECs that are split and later recombined to form an interference pattern. We derive the equations of motion of the variational parameters for this model and illustrate how the model can be applied to the sequence of steps in a recent AI experiment where BECs were used to implement a dual-Sagnac atom interferometer rotation sensor. We use this model to investigate the impact of finite-size and interaction effects on the single-Sagnac-interferometer phase shift.