First results on SiSeRO (Single electron Sensitive Read Out) devices -- a new X-ray detector for scientific instrumentation

TL;DR

This paper introduces the SiSeRO, a novel on-chip charge detector for CCDs, demonstrating promising initial performance metrics and outlining future improvements for low-noise, fast X-ray imaging applications.

Contribution

The paper presents the first evaluation of SiSeRO, a new charge detector with high gain and low noise, and discusses its potential for advanced X-ray imaging systems.

Findings

Charge/current conversion gain of 700 pA per electron

Equivalent noise charge (ENC) of 15 electrons RMS

FWHM of 230 eV at 5.9 keV

Abstract

We present an evaluation of a novel on-chip charge detector, called the Single electron Sensitive Read Out (SiSeRO), for charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensor applications. It uses a p-MOSFET transistor at the output stage with a depleted internal gate beneath the p-MOSFET. Charge transferred to the internal gate modulates the source-drain current of the transistor. We have developed a drain current readout module to characterize the detector. The prototype sensor achieves a charge/current conversion gain of 700 pA per electron, an equivalent noise charge (ENC) of 15 electrons (e-) root mean square (RMS), and a full width half maximum (FWHM) of 230 eV at 5.9 keV. In this paper, we discuss the SiSeRO working principle, the readout module developed at Stanford, and the first characterization test results of the SiSeRO prototypes. While at present only a proof-of-concept experiment, in the near future we plan to use next generation sensors with improved noise performance and an enhanced readout module. In particular, we are developing a readout module enabling Repetitive Non-Destructive Readout (RNDR) of the charge, which can in principle yield sub-electron ENC performance. With these developments, we eventually plan to build a matrix of SiSeRO amplifiers to develop an active pixel sensor with an on-chip ASIC-based readout system. Such a system, with fast readout speeds and sub-electron noise, could be effectively utilized in scientific applications requiring fast and low-noise spectro-imagers.