Frequency map analysis of spatiotemporal chaos in the nonlinear disordered Klein-Gordon lattice

TL;DR

This study analyzes the evolution of chaos in a disordered nonlinear Klein-Gordon lattice, revealing how chaos intensity, frequency excitation, and localization differ between weak and strong chaos regimes during wave packet spreading.

Contribution

It provides a detailed comparison of chaos characteristics and frequency dynamics in weak versus strong chaos regimes in disordered nonlinear lattices, highlighting new insights into localization and wave packet behavior.

Findings

Chaos is more intense at the wave packet center.

Edge oscillators remain regular until energy gain.

Strong chaos features more extended and intense chaos zones.

Abstract

We study the characteristics of chaos evolution of initially localized energy excitations in the one-dimensional nonlinear disordered Klein-Gordon lattice of anharmonic oscillators, by computing the time variation of the fundamental frequencies of the motion of each oscillator. We focus our attention on the dynamics of the so-called `weak' and `strong chaos' spreading regimes [2010, EPL 91 30001], for which Anderson localization is destroyed. Based on the fact that large variations of the fundamental frequencies denote strong chaotic behavior, we show that in both regimes chaos is more intense at the central regions of the wave packet, where also the energy content is higher, while the oscillators at the wave packet's edges exhibit regular motion up until the time they gain enough energy to become part of the highly excited portion of the wave packet. Eventually, the percentage of chaotic oscillators remains practically constant, despite the fact that the number of excited sites grows as the wave packet spreads, but the portion of highly chaotic sites decreases in time. We show that the extent of the zones of regular motion at the edges of the wave packet in the strong chaos regime is much smaller than in the weak chaos case. Furthermore, we find that in the strong chaos regime the chaotic component of the wave packet is not only more extended than in the weak chaos one, but in addition the fraction of strongly chaotic oscillators is much higher. Another important difference between the weak and strong chaos regimes is that in the latter case a significantly larger number of frequencies is excited, even from the first stages of the evolution. Moreover, our computations confirmed the shifting of fundamental frequencies outside the normal mode frequency band of the linear system in the case of the so-called `selftrapping' regime where a large part of the wave packet remains localized.