The Spectroscopic Binaries from LAMOST Medium-Resolution Survey (MRS). I. Searching for Double-lined Spectroscopic Binaries (SB2s) with Convolutional Neural Network

TL;DR

This paper presents a CNN-based method to identify double-lined spectroscopic binaries in LAMOST medium-resolution spectra, achieving low false positive rates and enabling large-scale binary candidate cataloging.

Contribution

The study introduces a novel CNN model trained on synthetic spectra to reliably detect SB2s, significantly advancing automated binary identification in large spectroscopic surveys.

Findings

Achieved false positive rates of 0.12% and 0.16% with optimized penalty parameters.

Model favors FGK-type main-sequence binaries with high mass ratio and large radial velocity separation.

Produced a catalog of 2198 SB2 candidates from over 5 million spectra.

Abstract

We developed a convolutional neural network (CNN) model to distinguish the double-lined spectroscopic binaries (SB2s) from others based on single exposure medium-resolution spectra ($R\sim 7,500$). The training set consists of a large set of mock spectra of single stars and binaries synthesized based on the MIST stellar evolutionary model and ATLAS9 atmospheric model. Our model reaches a novel theoretic false positive rate by adding a proper penalty on the negative sample (e.g., 0.12\% and 0.16\% for the blue/red arm when the penalty parameter $\Lambda=16$). Tests show that the performance is as expected and favors FGK-type Main-sequence binaries with high mass ratio ($q \geq 0.7$) and large radial velocity separation ($\Delta v \geq 50\,\mathrm{km\,s^{-1}}$). Although the real false positive rate can not be estimated reliably, validating on eclipsing binaries identified from Kepler light curves indicates that our model predicts low binary probabilities at eclipsing phases (0, 0.5, and 1.0) as expected. The color-magnitude diagram also helps illustrate its feasibility and capability of identifying FGK MS binaries from spectra. We conclude that this model is reasonably reliable and can provide an automatic approach to identify SB2s with period $\lesssim 10$ days. This work yields a catalog of binary probabilities for over 5 million spectra of 1 million sources from the LAMOST medium-resolution survey (MRS), and a catalog of 2198 SB2 candidates whose physical properties will be analyzed in our following-up paper. Data products are made publicly available at the journal as well as our Github website.