Quantum Yang-Mills theory in de Sitter ambient space formalism

TL;DR

This paper develops a quantum Yang-Mills theory in four-dimensional de Sitter space, addressing gauge invariance, ghost fields, infrared divergences, and potential explanations for mass gap and confinement in curved spacetime.

Contribution

It introduces a formalism for quantum Yang-Mills theory in de Sitter space, including gauge invariance, ghost field analysis, and regularization methods, with implications for mass gap and confinement.

Findings

Massless minimally coupled ghost fields in de Sitter space.

Infrared divergence regularization via Krein space quantization.

Potential explanation for mass gap and confinement in curved spacetime.

Abstract

We present the quantum Yang-Mills theory in the four-dimensional de Sitter ambient space formalism. In accordance with the SU$(3)$ gauge symmetry the interaction Lagrangian is formulated in terms of interacting color charged fields in curved space-time. The gauge-invariant field equations are obtained in an independent coordinate description, and their corresponding color conserved currents are computed. Faddeev-Popov ghost fields are shown to be equivalent to their Minkowski counterparts. We obtain that the free ghost fields are massless minimally coupled scalar fields. The problems of the vacuum state, namely the breaking of de Sitter invariance, and the appearance of infrared divergence in its quantization procedure, are discussed. The existence of an axiomatic quantum Yang-Mills theory within the framework of the Krein space quantization is examined. The infrared divergence regularization of the interaction between the gauge vector fields and the ghost fields is studied in the one-loop approximation. Two different regularization methods are discussed: cut-off regularization and Krein space regularization. A mass term for the gauge vector fields is obtained, which may explain the mass gap and the color confinement problems at the quantum level in de Sitter background. The large curvature limit at the early universe or inflationary epoch is considered.