Laboratory rotational spectroscopy of acrylamide and search for acrylamide and propionamide toward Sgr B2(N) with ALMA

TL;DR

This study provides precise laboratory rotational spectra for acrylamide, searches for its presence and that of propionamide in space using ALMA data, and finds neither molecule in Sgr B2(N), setting upper limits on their abundances.

Contribution

The paper reports the first accurate laboratory measurements of acrylamide's rotational transitions and a comprehensive search for acrylamide and propionamide in interstellar space.

Findings

Acrylamide and propionamide are not detected in Sgr B2(N).

Acrylamide is at least 26 times less abundant than acetamide.

Propionamide is at least 14 times less abundant than acetamide.

Abstract

Numerous complex organic molecules have been detected in the universe among which amides are considered as models for species containing the peptide linkage. Acrylamide bears in its backbone not only the peptide bond, but also the vinyl functional group which is a common motif in many interstellar compounds. This makes acrylamide an interesting target for a search in space. In addition, a tentative detection of the related molecule propionamide has been recently claimed toward Sgr B2(N). We report accurate laboratory measurements and analyses of thousands rotational transitions for the syn and skew forms of acrylamide between 75 and 480 GHz. Tunneling through a low energy barrier between two symmetrically equivalent configurations has been revealed for the higher-energy skew species. We searched for emission of acrylamide in the imaging spectral line survey ReMoCA performed with ALMA toward Sgr B2(N). We also searched for propionamide in the same source. Neither acrylamide nor propionamide were detected toward the two main hot molecular cores of Sgr B2(N). We did not detect propionamide either toward a position located to the east of the main hot core, thereby not confirming the recent claim of its interstellar detection toward this position. We find that acrylamide and propionamide are at least 26 and 14 times, respectively, less abundant than acetamide toward the main hot core Sgr B2(N1S), and at least 6 and 3 times, respectively, less abundant than acetamide toward the secondary hot core Sgr B2(N2). A comparison with results of astrochemical kinetics model for related species suggests that acrylamide may be a few hundred times less abundant than acetamide, corresponding to a value at least an order of magnitude lower than the observational upper limits. Propionamide may be as little as only a factor of two less abundant than the upper limit derived toward Sgr B2(N1S).