On the origin of order

TL;DR

This paper explores the concept that cellular collective migration involves a balance between jammed and unjammed states, proposing that living systems operate near a critical point at the edge of chaos, which has implications for development and disease.

Contribution

It synthesizes ideas from tissue mechanics and the theory of living systems near criticality, linking cell jamming to evolutionary and developmental processes.

Findings

Unjammed phase favors fluid-like migration for tissue dynamics.

Jammed phase is energetically stable and mechanically robust.

Living systems may operate near the transition between jammed and unjammed states.

Abstract

A cardinal feature common to embryonic development and tissue reorganization, as well as to wound healing and cancer cell invasion, is collective cellular migration. During collective migratory events the phenomena of cell jamming and unjamming are increasingly recognized, and underlying mechanical, genomic, transcriptional, and signaling events are increasingly coming to light. In this brief perspective I propose a synthesis that brings together for the first time two key concepts. On the one hand, it has been suggested that the unjammed phase of the cellular collective evolved under a selective pressure favoring fluid-like migratory dynamics as would be required so as to accommodate episodes of tissue evolution, development, plasticity, and repair. Being dynamic, such an unjammed phase is expected to be energetically expensive compared with the jammed phase, which evolved under a selective pressure favoring a solid-like homeostatic regime that, by comparison, is non-migratory but energetically economical and mechanically stable. On the other hand, well before the discovery of cell jamming Kauffman proposed the general biological principle that living systems exist in a solid regime near the edge of chaos, and that natural selection achieves and sustains such a poised state. Here I propose that, in certain systems at least, this poised state as predicted in the abstract by Kaufmann is realized in the particular by the jammed regime just at the brink of unjamming.