Proposal for a solid-state magnetoresistive Larmor quantum clock

TL;DR

This paper proposes a solid-state Larmor clock using tunnel magnetoresistance to measure electron tunneling times, incorporating multiple contacts and measurements, and explores the effects of phase-breaking and spin-dephasing on the measurement accuracy.

Contribution

It introduces a novel solid-state implementation of the Larmor clock that accounts for multiple reflections and weak measurement techniques, bridging quantum measurement concepts with solid-state systems.

Findings

Magnetoresistance signals map directly to tunneling times.

Weak measurement can be achieved by engineered pre-selection.

Spin-dephasing significantly affects the measurement accuracy.

Abstract

We propose a solid-state implementation of the Larmor clock that exploits tunnel magnetoresistance to distill information on how long itinerant spins take to traverse a barrier embedded in it. Keeping in mind that the tunnelling time innately involves pristine pre-selection and post-selection, our proposal takes into account the detrimental aspects of multiple reflections by incorporating multiple contacts, multiple current measurements and suitably defined magnetoresistance signals. Our analysis provides a direct mapping between the magnetoresistance signals and the tunneling times and aligns well with the interpretation in terms of generalized quantum measurements and quantum weak values. By means of an engineered pre-selection in one of the ferromagnetic contacts, we also elucidate how one can make the measurement "weak" by minimizing the back-action, while keeping the tunneling time unchanged. We then analyze the resulting interpretations of the tunneling time and the measurement back action in the presence of phase breaking effects that are intrinsic to solid state systems. We unravel that while the time-keeping aspect of the Larmor clock is reasonably undeterred due to momentum and phase relaxation processes, it degrades significantly in the presence of spin-dephasing. We believe that the ideas presented here also open up a fructuous solid state platform to encompass emerging ideas in quantum technology such as quantum weak values and its applications, that are currently exclusive to quantum optics and cold atoms.