Abelian monopoles of the Dirac type and color confinement in QCD

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that Abelian-like monopoles of the Dirac type can explain color confinement in QCD without gauge fixing, showing Abelian dominance and dual Meissner effects through lattice simulations.

Contribution

It provides the first gauge-fixing free lattice evidence of Abelian monopoles causing confinement in SU(3) QCD.

Findings

Perfect Abelian dominance observed in static potentials.

Monopole and Abelian dominance confirmed via Polyakov loop correlators.

Direct measurement of Abelian dual Meissner effects around static sources.

Abstract

We present results of $SU(3)$ Monte-Carlo studies of a new color confinement scheme due to Abelian-like monopoles of the Dirac type without any gauge-fixing. We get (1) perfect Abelian dominance with respect to the static potentials on $12^4\sim 16^4$ lattice at $\beta=5.6-5.8$ using the multilevel method, (2) monopole as well as Abelian dominances with respect to the static potentials by evaluating Polyakov loop correlators on $24^3\times4$ lattice at $\beta=5.6$. (3) Abelian dual Meissner effects are studied directly by measuring Abelian color fields and monopole currents around the static source. The vacuum in pure $SU(3)$ seems to be of the type 1 near the border between both types, although scaling is not studied yet.