HATS-74Ab, HATS-75b, HATS-76b and HATS-77b: Four Transiting Giant Planets around K and M Dwarfs

TL;DR

This paper reports the discovery of four transiting gas giant planets around low-mass K and M dwarf stars, providing valuable data to test core accretion theory of planet formation.

Contribution

It presents the first detailed characterization of multiple giant planets orbiting low-mass stars, expanding understanding of planet occurrence around such stars.

Findings

Discovered four new gas giant planets around low-mass stars.

Measured their masses and radii precisely.

Orbital periods range from 1.73 to 3.09 days.

Abstract

The relative rarity of giant planets around low mass stars compared with solar-type stars is a key prediction from core accretion planet formation theory. In this paper we report on the discovery of four gas giant planets that transit low mass late K and early M dwarfs. The planets HATS-74Ab (TOI 737b), HATS-75b (TOI 552b), HATS-76b (TOI 555b), and HATS-77b (TOI 730b), were all discovered from the HATSouth photometric survey and followed-up using TESS and other photometric facilities. We use the new ESPRESSO facility at the VLT to confirm and systems and measure their masses. We find that that planets have masses of 1.46 +- 0.14 MJ , 0.491 +- 0.039 MJ , 2.629 +- 0.089 MJ and 1.374 +0.100-0.074 MJ , respectively, and radii of 1.032 +- 0.021 RJ , 0.884 +- 0.013 RJ , 1.079 +- 0.031 RJ , and 1.165 +- 0.021 RJ, respectively. The planets all orbit close to their host stars with orbital periods ranging from 1.7319 d to 3.0876 d. With further work we aim to test core accretion theory by using these and further discoveries to quantify the occurrence rate of giant planets around low mass host stars.