Operator Growth from Global Out-of-time-order Correlators

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that global out-of-time-order correlators can reveal operator growth in chaotic quantum systems, enabling experimental access to local operator dynamics without local control, and predicts super-polynomial growth in certain dipolar systems.

Contribution

It introduces a method to detect local operator growth via global measurements and validates this approach with nuclear spin data, extending understanding of operator dynamics in chaotic systems.

Findings

Global OTOCs reflect local operator growth patterns.

Existing nuclear spin data fit the proposed theory.

Predicted super-polynomial growth in 3D dipolar systems.

Abstract

In the context of chaotic quantum many-body systems, we show that operator growth, as diagnosed by out-of-time-order correlators of local operators, also leaves a sharp imprint in out-of-time-order correlators of global operators. In particular, the characteristic spacetime shape of growing local operators can be accessed using global measurements without any local control or readout. Building on an earlier conjectured phase diagram for operator growth in chaotic systems with power-law interactions, we show that existing nuclear spin data for out-of-time-order correlators of global operators are well fit by our theory. We also predict super-polynomial operator growth in dipolar systems in 3d and discuss the potential observation of this physics in future experiments with nuclear spins and ultra-cold polar molecules.