CYBORG: Blending Human Saliency Into the Loss Improves Deep Learning

TL;DR

CYBORG is a novel training strategy that integrates human perceptual saliency maps into the loss function of deep learning models, significantly improving generalization in synthetic face detection tasks.

Contribution

This paper introduces CYBORG, a new method that incorporates human-annotated saliency into training loss to enhance deep learning model generalization.

Findings

CYBORG improves accuracy on unseen synthetic face images.

Scaling data or using non-human saliency does not outperform CYBORG.

Adding explicit saliency annotations increases human classification accuracy.

Abstract

Can deep learning models achieve greater generalization if their training is guided by reference to human perceptual abilities? And how can we implement this in a practical manner? This paper proposes a training strategy to ConveY Brain Oversight to Raise Generalization (CYBORG). This new approach incorporates human-annotated saliency maps into a loss function that guides the model's learning to focus on image regions that humans deem salient for the task. The Class Activation Mapping (CAM) mechanism is used to probe the model's current saliency in each training batch, juxtapose this model saliency with human saliency, and penalize large differences. Results on the task of synthetic face detection, selected to illustrate the effectiveness of the approach, show that CYBORG leads to significant improvement in accuracy on unseen samples consisting of face images generated from six Generative Adversarial Networks across multiple classification network architectures. We also show that scaling to even seven times the training data, or using non-human-saliency auxiliary information, such as segmentation masks, and standard loss cannot beat the performance of CYBORG-trained models. As a side effect of this work, we observe that the addition of explicit region annotation to the task of synthetic face detection increased human classification accuracy. This work opens a new area of research on how to incorporate human visual saliency into loss functions in practice. All data, code and pre-trained models used in this work are offered with this paper.