CryoCiM: Cryogenic Compute-in-Memory based on the Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect

TL;DR

CryoCiM introduces a cryogenic compute-in-memory system leveraging quantum anomalous Hall effect for ultra-low power, robust data storage and computation, addressing the memory bottleneck in cryogenic computing architectures.

Contribution

This work presents the first cryogenic compute-in-memory framework using QAHE-based non-volatile memory for integrated storage and logic operations.

Findings

Performs memory read/write and universal logic operations at cryogenic temperatures.

Utilizes topologically protected states for robust data storage.

Achieves ultra-low power operation in the nano-watt range.

Abstract

The scaling of the already-matured CMOS technology is steadily approaching its physical limit, motivating the quest for a suitable alternative. Cryogenic operation offers a promising pathway towards continued improvement in computing speed and energy efficiency without aggressive scaling. However, the memory wall bottleneck of the traditional von-Neumann architecture persists even at cryogenic temperature. That is where a compute-in-memory (CiM) architecture, that embeds computing within the memory unit, comes into play. Computations within the memory unit help reduce the expensive data transfer between the memory and the computing units. Therefore, CiM provides extreme energy efficiency that can enable lower cooling cost at cryogenic temperature. In this work, we demonstrate CryoCiM, a cryogenic compute-in-memory framework utilizing a non-volatile memory system based on the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE). Our design can perform memory read/write, and universal binary logic operations (NAND, NOR, and XOR). We design a novel peripheral circuit assembly that can perform the read/write, and single-cycle in-memory logic operations. The utilization of a QAHE-based memory system promises robustness against process variations, through the usage of topologically protected resistive states for data storage. CryoCiM is the first step towards utilizing exclusively cryogenic phenomena to serve the dual purpose of storage and computation with ultra-low power (nano-watts) operations.