To be or not to be a black hole: detailed binary population models as a sanity check

TL;DR

This study uses detailed binary population models to evaluate the nature of NGC1850-BH1, suggesting it is unlikely to be a black hole and emphasizing the importance of comprehensive models in black hole identification.

Contribution

The paper demonstrates how self-consistent binary population models can serve as a sanity check for black hole claims in binary systems, highlighting the role of detailed stellar evolution modeling.

Findings

No suitable black hole systems found in models.

Bright component likely a stripped star with a fainter companion.

Spectroscopic non-detection explained without invoking rapid rotation.

Abstract

We use the self-consistent stellar populations in the Binary Population A Spectral Synthesis (BPASS) models to assess whether NGC1850-BH1 is a black hole. Using search criteria based on reported physical properties in the literature we purposefully search for suitable systems with a black hole (or compact object) companion: we do not find any. Good matches to the observations are found in models where the bright component is a stripped star and the companion is natively (meaning we did not impose this in our search) 1 to 2.3 magnitudes fainter than the primary in the optical bands. This alone can explain the lack of detection of the companion in the MUSE spectra without the need to invoke rapid rotation, although the conservative mass transfer exhibited by these particular models is likely to lead to rapidly rotating companions which could further smear their spectroscopic signatures. We advise that future claims of unseen black holes in binary systems would benefit from exploring detailed binary evolution models of stellar populations as a sanity check