The quantum Otto cycle in a superconducting cavity in the non-adiabatic regime

TL;DR

This paper investigates the efficiency of a quantum Otto cycle in a superconducting cavity, highlighting how non-adiabatic effects and the dynamical Casimir effect influence performance, and identifying conditions for optimal operation.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of the quantum Otto cycle in a superconducting cavity considering non-adiabatic regimes and dynamical Casimir effects, proposing strategies to mitigate quantum friction.

Findings

Dynamical Casimir effect reduces efficiency in non-adiabatic regimes.

Quantum friction can halt engine operation under certain conditions.

Specific boundary evolutions can prevent occupation number changes, enhancing efficiency.

Abstract

We analyze the efficiency of the quantum Otto cycle applied to a superconducting cavity. We consider its description in terms of a full quantum scalar field in a one-dimensional cavity with a time dependent boundary condition that can be externally controlled to perform and extract work unitarily from the system. We study the performance of this machine when acting as a heat engine as well as a refrigerator. It is shown that, in a non-adiabatic regime, the efficiency of the quantum cycle is affected by the dynamical Casimir effect, that induces a sort of quantum friction that diminishes the efficiency. We also find regions of parameters where the effect is so strong that the machine can no longer function as an engine since the work that would be produced is completely consumed by the quantum friction. However, this effect can be avoided for some particular temporal evolutions of the boundary conditions that do not change the occupation number of the modes in the cavity, leading to a highly improved efficiency.