Prospects for assembling ultracold radioactive molecules from laser-cooled atoms

TL;DR

This paper explores the potential to create ultracold radioactive molecules, specifically 223Fr107Ag, from laser-cooled atoms to enhance sensitivity in detecting fundamental parity-violating effects.

Contribution

It provides relativistic electronic-structure calculations and predicts Feshbach resonances for forming ultracold 223Fr107Ag molecules, advancing experimental prospects for radioactive molecule assembly.

Findings

Relativistic calculations of FrAg states accounting for spin effects.

Prediction of magnetic-field Feshbach resonances for molecule formation.

Conditions identified for creating ground-state 223Fr107Ag molecules.

Abstract

Molecules with unstable isotopes often contain heavy and deformed nuclei and thus possess a high sensitivity to parity-violating effects, such as Schiff moments. Currently the best limits on Schiff moments are set with diamagnetic atoms. Polar molecules with quantum-enhanced sensing capabilities, however, can offer better sensitivity. In this work, we consider the prototypical 223Fr107Ag molecule, as the octupole deformation of the unstable 223Fr francium nucleus amplifies the nuclear Schiff moment of the molecule by two orders of magnitude relative to that of spherical nuclei and as the silver atom has a large electronegativity. To develop a competitive experimental platform based on molecular quantum systems, 223Fr atoms and 107Ag atoms have to be brought together at ultracold temperatures. That is, we explore the prospects of forming 223Fr107Ag from laser-cooled Fr and Ag atoms. We have performed fully relativistic electronic-structure calculations of ground and excited states of FrAg that account for the strong spin-dependent relativistic effects of Fr and the strong ionic bond to Ag. In addition, we predict the nearest-neighbor densities of magnetic-field Feshbach resonances in ultracold 223Fr+107Ag collisions with coupled-channel calculations. These resonances can be used for magneto-association into ultracold, weakly-bound FrAg. We also determine the conditions for creating 223Fr107Ag molecules in their absolute ground state from these weakly-bound dimers via stimulated Raman adiabatic passage using our calculations of the relativistic transition electronic dipole moments.