New Development of Homotopy Analysis Method for a Non-linear Integro-Differential Equations with initial conditions

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new development of the homotopy analysis method (ND-HAM) for solving non-linear integro-differential equations, demonstrating faster convergence and easier initial guess determination compared to existing HAM variants.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel version of HAM tailored for NIDEs, improving convergence speed and initial guess selection over standard and modified HAM methods.

Findings

ND-HAM converges faster than existing HAM variants.

The method provides accurate solutions for tested examples.

Initial guess determination is simplified with ND-HAM.

Abstract

Homotopy analysis method (HAM) was proposed by Liao in 1992 in his PhD thesis for non-linear problems and was applied it in many different problems of mathematical-physics and engineering. In this note, a new development of homotopy analysis method (ND-HAM) is demonstrated for non-linear integro-differential equation (NIDEs) with initial conditions. Practical investigations revealed that ND-HAM leads easy way how to find initial guess and it approaches to the exact solution faster than the standard HAM, modified HAM (MHAM), new modified of HAM (mHAM) and more general method of HAM (q-HAM). Two examples are illustrated to show the accuracy and validity of the proposed method. Five methods are compared in each example