Genuine multipartite entanglement and quantum coherence in an electron-positron system: Relativistic covariance

TL;DR

This paper investigates how genuine multipartite entanglement and quantum coherence in an electron-positron system transform under Lorentz boosts, revealing complex resource behavior and potential invariants in relativistic quantum systems.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive analysis of multipartite entanglement and coherence under Lorentz transformations, considering all momentum components, and uncovers resource transformations and invariants.

Findings

Genuine 4-partite entanglement becomes 8-partite under Lorentz boosts.

Quantum coherence can be generated from entanglement through relativistic effects.

Some quantum resource combinations remain Lorentz invariant.

Abstract

The last two decades have witnessed an increasing effort of the scientific community toward pursuing a better framework for quantum resource covariance, with the focus predominantly posed on quantum entanglement. In this work, we move the discussion one step further by analyzing the behavior of both genuine multipartite entanglement and quantum coherence under Lorentz boosts. Specifically, we conduct a case study for the problem of an electron-positron pair created in a superposed multipartite pure state. Our approach is different from the standard treatments also in that we consider all the components of the four-momentum, thus allowing for an inspection of scenarios wherein entanglement can be encoded among these degrees of freedom as well. Our analysis reveals interesting subtleties in this problem, like the fact that genuine 4-partite entanglement in the lab frame transforms into genuine 8-partite entanglement plus quantum coherence in the perspective of the Lorentz-boosted frame. Moreover, a given combination of these quantum resources is shown to form a Lorentz invariant. Although our findings are not able to determine, via first principles, an information-theoretic Lorentz invariant, they pave the way for fundamental incursions along this line.