Dropleton-Soliton Crossover mediated via Trap Modulation

TL;DR

This paper investigates the smooth transition from droplet to soliton states in a dilute Bose-Einstein condensate by numerically analyzing the effects of varying external confinement, revealing a phase diagram with distinct phases and coexistence regions.

Contribution

It introduces a numerical study of droplet-soliton crossover in BECs via trap modulation, providing a phase diagram and detailed analysis of density and size changes.

Findings

Identification of a smooth crossover from droplet to soliton states

Development of a phase diagram showing droplet, soliton, and coexistence regions

Analysis of bound pair sizes and density effects across the transition

Abstract

We report a droplet to a soliton crossover by tuning the external confinement potential in a dilute Bose-Eienstein condensate by numerically solving the modified Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The testimony of such a crossover is presented via studying the fractional density of the condensate which smoothly migrates from being a flat-head curve at weak confinement to a bright soliton at strong confinement. Such a transition occurs across a region of the potential whose strength varies over an order of magnitude and thus should be fit to be termed as a crossover. We supplement our studies via exploring the size of the bound pairs and the ramifications of the particle density therein. Eventually, all of these aid us in arriving at a phase diagram in a space defined by the trap strength and the particle number that shows the formation of two phases consisting of droplets and solitons, along with a regime of coexistence of these two.