Improving Planet Detection with Disk Modeling: Keck/NIRC2 Imaging of the HD 34282 Single-armed Protoplanetary Disk

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that direct disk modeling in high-contrast imaging improves the detection sensitivity of embedded planets in protoplanetary disks, exemplified by Keck/NIRC2 observations of HD 34282.

Contribution

The paper introduces a method of direct disk modeling to enhance planet detection limits in protoplanetary disks observed with high-contrast imaging.

Findings

Disk modeling improves detection sensitivity by up to a factor of 2 in flux ratio.

No companions were detected around HD 34282.

The method can constrain the occurrence rates of self-luminous planets.

Abstract

Formed in protoplanetary disks around young stars, giant planets can leave observational features such as spirals and gaps in their natal disks through planet-disk interactions. Although such features can indicate the existence of giant planets, protoplanetary disk signals can overwhelm the innate luminosity of planets. Therefore, in order to image planets that are embedded in disks, it is necessary to remove the contamination from the disks to reveal the planets possibly hiding within their natal environments. We observe and directly model the detected disk in the Keck/NIRC2 vortex coronagraph $L'$-band observations of the single-armed protoplanetary disk around HD 34282. Despite a non-detection of companions for HD 34282, this direct disk modeling improves planet detection sensitivity by up to a factor of 2 in flux ratio and ${\sim}10 M_{\rm Jupiter}$ in mass. This suggests that performing disk modeling can improve directly imaged planet detection limits in systems with visible scattered light disks, and can help to better constrain the occurrence rates of self-luminous planets in these systems.