The Vacuum Frame

TL;DR

This paper introduces the concept of the Vacuum Frame in cosmology, where dark energy can be identified with a cosmological constant under general conditions, highlighting its distinction from other frames like Jordan or Einstein.

Contribution

It proposes the Vacuum Frame as a new perspective in cosmology, showing how dark energy relates to a cosmological constant and differs from traditional frames.

Findings

Dark energy can be associated with a cosmological constant in the Vacuum Frame.

The Vacuum Frame generally differs from Jordan and Einstein frames.

A scalar-tensor model illustrates dynamic hierarchy generation among energy scales.

Abstract

One of the most fundamental questions in cosmology is if dark energy is related just to a constant or it is something more complex. In this work, we call the attention to the fact that, under very general conditions, dark energy can be identified with a cosmological constant. Indeed, this fact defines what we call Vacuum Frame. In general, this frame does not coincide with the Jordan or Einstein frame, defined by the invariant character of particle masses or the Newton constant, respectively. We illustrate this question by the introduction of a particular scalar-tensor model where the different hierarchies among these energy scales are dynamically generated.