Introduction to Presentation Attack Detection in Face Biometrics and Recent Advances

TL;DR

This paper provides an overview of face presentation attack detection, discussing attack types, detection methods, vulnerabilities, and public datasets to advance research in face biometric security.

Contribution

It offers a comprehensive introduction to face PAD, summarizing recent advances, attack types, detection techniques, and key datasets in the field.

Findings

Different types of presentation attacks and their effectiveness

Summary of popular detection methods and their effectiveness

Overview of public datasets for research and development

Abstract

The main scope of this chapter is to serve as an introduction to face presentation attack detection, including key resources and advances in the field in the last few years. The next pages present the different presentation attacks that a face recognition system can confront, in which an attacker presents to the sensor, mainly a camera, a Presentation Attack Instrument (PAI), that is generally a photograph, a video, or a mask, to try to impersonate a genuine user. First, we make an introduction of the current status of face recognition, its level of deployment, and its challenges. In addition, we present the vulnerabilities and the possible attacks that a face recognition system may be exposed to, showing that way the high importance of presentation attack detection methods. We review different types of presentation attack methods, from simpler to more complex ones, and in which cases they could be effective. Then, we summarize the most popular presentation attack detection methods to deal with these attacks. Finally, we introduce public datasets used by the research community for exploring vulnerabilities of face biometrics to presentation attacks and developing effective countermeasures against known PAIs.