Evaluating the application of NLP tools in mainstream participatory budgeting processes in Scotland

TL;DR

This study evaluates how NLP tools are used to address challenges in scaling participatory budgeting in Scotland, analyzing their impact on citizen engagement across multiple local authorities.

Contribution

It provides a novel longitudinal analysis of NLP application in mainstreaming participatory budgeting processes in Scotland's local governments.

Findings

NLP tools help address scaling challenges in PB.

Citizen participation effectiveness improves with NLP.

Diverse social and political contexts influence NLP outcomes.

Abstract

In recent years participatory budgeting (PB) in Scotland has grown from a handful of community-led processes to a movement supported by local and national government. This is epitomized by an agreement between the Scottish Government and the Convention of Scottish Local Authorities (COSLA) that at least 1% of local authority budgets will be subject to PB. This ongoing research paper explores the challenges that emerge from this 'scaling up' or 'mainstreaming' across the 32 local authorities that make up Scotland. The main objective is to evaluate local authority use of the digital platform Consul, which applies Natural Language Processing (NLP) to address these challenges. This project adopts a qualitative longitudinal design with interviews, observations of PB processes, and analysis of the digital platform data. Thematic analysis is employed to capture the major issues and themes which emerge. Longitudinal analysis then explores how these evolve over time. The potential for 32 live study sites provides a unique opportunity to explore discrete political and social contexts which materialize and allow for a deeper dive into the challenges and issues that may exist, something a wider cross-sectional study would miss. Initial results show that issues and challenges which come from scaling up may be tackled using NLP technology which, in a previous controlled use case-based evaluation, has shown to improve the effectiveness of citizen participation.