Connecting Hodge and Sakaguchi-Kuramoto: a mathematical framework for coupled oscillators on simplicial complexes

TL;DR

This paper develops a generalized Kuramoto model on weighted simplicial complexes, incorporating frustration terms and analyzing complex dynamical behaviors such as partial synchronization loss and phase re-locking.

Contribution

It introduces a novel framework connecting Hodge theory with higher-order Kuramoto models on simplicial complexes, including new frustration terms and gradient flow formulation.

Findings

Partial loss of synchronization in certain subspaces

Emergence of simplicial phase re-locking at high frustration

Dynamics depend on the Hodge decomposition and complex simplicial structures

Abstract

We formulate a general Kuramoto model on weighted simplicial complexes where phases oscillators are supported on simplices of any order $k$. Crucially, we introduce linear and non-linear frustration terms that are independent of the orientation of the $k+1$ simplices, providing a natural generalization of the Sakaguchi-Kuramoto model. In turn, this provides a generalized formulation of the Kuramoto higher-order parameter as a potential function to write the dynamics as a gradient flow. With a selection of simplicial complexes of increasingly complex structure, we study the properties of the dynamics of the simplicial Sakaguchi-Kuramoto model with oscillators on edges to highlight the complexity of dynamical behaviors emerging from even simple simplicial complexes. We place ourselves in the case where the vector of internal frequencies of the edge oscillators lies in the kernel of the Hodge Laplacian, or vanishing linear frustration, and, using the Hodge decomposition of the solution, we understand how the nonlinear frustration couples the dynamics in orthogonal subspaces. We discover various dynamical phenomena, such as the partial loss of synchronization in subspaces aligned with the Hodge subspaces and the emergence of simplicial phase re-locking in regimes of high frustration.