Magnetic attractive interaction induced superconductivity in metals

TL;DR

This paper proposes a new theory that superconductivity arises from magnetic attractive interactions, providing a formula for Tc and suggesting ways to enhance it, including electronic structure modifications and external stimuli.

Contribution

It introduces a magnetic interaction-based theory of superconductivity, deriving a simple formula for Tc and proposing methods to increase it, including reducing electronic degrees of freedom.

Findings

Superconductivity occurs when electron velocity reaches 10^6 m/s and electrons are about 0.0529 nm apart.

Resistance is redefined as magnetic flux over electric quantity, explaining the Meissner effect.

A formula relating Tc to magnetic energy, electron density, and electronic degrees of freedom is derived.

Abstract

The BCS theory has described the conventional superconductors successfully.However,it is still not clear when the superconductivity occurs and why the resistance is zero.Also,there is no simple formula to calculate Tc,and it is not well understood about how to improve Tc. Therefore,a theory of superconductivity caused by magnetic attractive interactions is presented.(1)The magnetic attractive interaction leads to superconductivity.This interactions happen only when the electron velocity reaches up to 106 m/s and the distance between two electrons is about 0.0529 nm. The number of superconducting electrons is about 10-5 of the number of free electrons.(2)Resistance is redefined as the ratio of magnetic flux to electric quantity. The resistance equals to zero, when the magnetic flux is 0. This is why superconductors show Meissner effect.(3)Tc is determined by the magnetic attractive energy. A simple formula to estimate Tc is derived and it is related not only to the electron density n and Bc, but also to electronic degrees of freedom i.(4)The Tc can be increased with increasing the ratio of the superconducting electrons to total electrons. Mankowsky realized the transient room temperature superconductivity in YBCO by illuminating in 2014. Bilayer graphene superconductor was realized by Cao via applied a voltage in 2018. In 2020, roomtemperature superconductor was reported under high pressure for the CSH system. Another way to improve Tc is to reduce electronic degrees of freedom i. By forming Al"super atoms"to reduce i, Tc was further increased experimentally to more than 100 K in 2015. We believe that room temperature superconductors can be realized in Li by applied a voltage at atmospheric pressure.