A Particle-Linkage Model for Elongated Asteroids with Three-Dimensional Mass Distribution

TL;DR

This paper introduces a three-dimensional triple-particle-linkage model to accurately simulate the gravitational fields of elongated asteroids, improving upon previous planar models and providing efficient, precise results for real irregular asteroids.

Contribution

The paper extends existing planar models to a 3D triple-particle-linkage system, enhancing accuracy in asteroid gravitational modeling with a non-linear optimization approach.

Findings

The 3D model outperforms axisymmetric models in accuracy.

The model provides better results than mass point models while maintaining low computational cost.

Good agreement with polyhedral-based Mascon models for real asteroids.

Abstract

The goal of the present paper is to develop a simplified model to describe the gravitational fields of elongated asteroids. The proposed model consists of representing an elongated asteroid using a triple-particle-linkage system distributed in the three-dimensional space. It is an extension of previous models that focused only on planar models. A non-linear optimization method is used to determine the parameters of our model, minimizing the errors of all the external equilibrium points with respect to the solutions calculated with a more realistic model, the polyhedron model, which are assumed to be the real values of the system. The model considered in this article is then applied to three real irregular asteroids 1620 Geographos, 433 Eros and 243, Ida. The results show that the current triple-particle-linkage three-dimensional model gives better accuracy when compared to the axisymmetric triple-particle-linkage model available in the literature, and provides an advantage in terms of accuracy over the mass point model, while keeping computational time low. Also, this model is used to carry out simulations to characterize regions with solutions that remain bounded or that escape from around each asteroid under analysis. We investigated an initial inclination of 0 degree (direct orbits) and 180 degrees (retrograde orbits). We considered the gravitational field of the asteroid, the gravitational attraction of the Sun, and the solar radiation pressure Our results are then compared to the results obtained using the Mascon gravitational model based on the polyhedral shape source. We found good agreement between the two models.