Golden rhythms as a theoretical framework for cross-frequency organization

TL;DR

This paper proposes that brain rhythms organized by the golden ratio facilitate information segregation and integration, supported by simulations and four testable hypotheses.

Contribution

It introduces a novel theoretical framework linking golden ratio organization to cross-frequency brain rhythms and their functional roles.

Findings

Golden ratio supports segregation of brain rhythms.

Supports multiplexing and reduces interference.

Framework applied to generate testable hypotheses.

Abstract

While brain rhythms appear fundamental to brain function, why brain rhythms consistently organize into the small set of discrete frequency bands observed remains unknown. Here we propose that rhythms separated by factors of the golden ratio ($\phi=(1+ \sqrt{5})/2$) optimally support segregation and cross-frequency integration of information transmission in the brain. Organized by the golden ratio, pairs of transient rhythms support multiplexing by reducing interference between separate communication channels, and triplets of transient rhythms support integration of signals to establish a hierarchy of cross-frequency interactions. We illustrate this framework in simulation and apply this framework to propose four hypotheses.