Application of the NIP wave theorem to PSDM and an approximation for RPSM to zero offset

TL;DR

This paper introduces a residual migration concept for seismic surveys, applying the NIP wave theorem to improve velocity models and focusing analysis, demonstrated through model and field data with promising results.

Contribution

It presents a novel residual migration approach using the NIP wave theorem for better velocity model updates and event focusing without prior velocity knowledge.

Findings

Effective residual radii of curvature determination

Improved signal-to-noise ratio through summation over the Fresnel zone

Successful application to model and real seismic data

Abstract

The concept of residual migration to zero offset is introduced for the case that a prestack migration and a subsequent residual moveout analysis have been performed for a seismic survey and a new depth model has not yet been determined. Travel times of reflected events for individual traces are determined for diffraction points situated along horizons of analysis. These events are downward continued into the model used for the migration of the survey. The NIP wave theorem can then be applied to events exhibiting small subsurface offsets in order to determine residual radii of curvature to be used in the updating of seismic velocity model by seismic stripping. Alternatively, it is suggested to construct an aplanat and hence to determine a focus point of the reflected event without knowledge of the true velocity model. The distance of the estimated point of focus from the observed zero offset response of the migrated reflector serves as an indication of the focusing of the considered event at the particular subsurface offset and can be used as a measure for the necessity of a subsequent remigration of the survey with a new velocity model. A summation over the first Fresnel zone at the migrated zero offset position is suggested as an alternative to conventional stacking leading to improvement of the signal to noise ratio. Applications to model computations and to a seismic survey over an overthrust structure show promising results regarding the applicability of the suggested method.