Optical Coherent Injection of Carrier and Current in Twisted Bilayer graphene

TL;DR

This paper theoretically explores optical injection processes in twisted bilayer graphene, revealing how interlayer coupling and twist angle influence carrier and current injection spectra across different energy regimes.

Contribution

It provides a detailed numerical analysis of injection coefficients in twisted bilayer graphene, highlighting the effects of twist angle and interlayer coupling on optical injection processes.

Findings

Injection spectra vary with twist angle and energy regime.

Two-photon injection diverges at the Van Hove singularity.

Injection behavior resembles monolayer graphene at high photon energies.

Abstract

We theoretically investigate optical injection processes, including one- and two-photon carrier injection and two-color coherent current injection, in twisted bilayer graphene with moderate angles. The electronic states are described by a continuum model, and the spectra of injection coefficients are numerically calculated for different chemical potentials and twist angles, where the transitions between different bands are understood by the electron energy resolved injection coefficients. The comparison with the injection in monolayer graphene shows the significance of the interlayer coupling in the injection processes. For undoped twisted bilayer graphene, all spectra of injection coefficients can be divided into three energy regimes, which vary with the twist angle. For very low photon energies in the linear dispersion regime, the injection is similar to graphene with a renormalized Fermi velocity determined by the twist angle; for very high photon energies where the interlayer coupling is negligible, the injection is the same as that of graphene; and in the middle regime around the transition energy of the Van Hove singularity, the injection shows fruitful fine structures. Furthermore, the two-photon carrier injection diverges for the photon energy in the middle regime due to the existence of double resonant transitions.