Gas-phase spectroscopy of photostable PAH ions from the mid- to far-infrared

TL;DR

This study uses gas-phase IR spectroscopy and theoretical calculations to analyze PAH ions across a broad infrared range, aiding in identifying large PAHs in space.

Contribution

First comprehensive gas-phase IR spectra of PAH cations from mid- to far-IR, validated with DFT, enhancing spectral benchmarks for astrophysical PAH identification.

Findings

Far-IR spectra match well with DFT predictions.

Spectral congestion is reduced in far-IR, aiding identification.

Small redshift observed between experimental and theoretical frequencies.

Abstract

We present gas-phase InfraRed Multiple Photon Dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy of cationic phenanthrene, pyrene, and perylene over the 100$-$1700 cm$^{-1}$ (6-95 $\mu$m) spectral range. This range covers both local vibrational modes involving C$-$C and C$-$H bonds in the mid-IR, and large-amplitude skeletal modes in the far-IR. The experiments were done using the 7T Fourier-Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer integrated in the Free-Electron Laser for Intra-Cavity Experiments (FELICE), and findings were complemented with Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculated harmonic and anharmonic spectra, matching the experimental spectra well. The experimental configuration that enables this sensitive spectroscopy of the strongly-bound, photo-resistant Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) over a wide range can provide such high photon densities that even combination modes with calculated intensities as low as 0.01 km$\cdot$mol$^{-1}$ near 400 cm$^{-1}$ (25 $\mu$m) can be detected. Experimental frequencies from this work and all currently available IRMPD spectra for PAH cations were compared to theoretical frequencies from the NASA Ames PAH IR Spectroscopic Database to verify predicted trends for far-IR vibrational modes depending on PAH shape and size, and only a relatively small redshift (6$-$11 cm$^{-1}$) was found between experiment and theory. The absence of spectral congestion and the drastic reduction in bandwidth with respect to the mid-IR make the far-IR fingerprints viable candidates for theoretical benchmarking, which can aid in the search for individual large PAHs in the interstellar medium.