The width of Herschel filaments varies with distance

TL;DR

This study shows that the observed filament widths in molecular clouds vary with distance and are influenced by resolution effects, challenging the idea of a universal 0.1 pc filament width.

Contribution

It demonstrates that filament width measurements depend on distance and resolution, questioning the universality of the 0.1 pc filament width in molecular clouds.

Findings

Filament widths scale with distance as 4-5 times the beam size.

Resolution effects significantly alter filament profile shapes.

Data are inconsistent with a universal 0.1 pc filament width.

Abstract

Context: Filamentary structures in nearby molecular clouds have been found to exhibit a characteristic width of 0.1 pc, as observed in dust emission. Understanding the origin of this universal width has become a topic of central importance in the study of molecular cloud structure and the early stages of star formation. Aims: We investigate how the recovered widths of filaments depend on the distance from the observer, by using previously published results from the Herschel Gould Belt Survey. Methods: We obtained updated estimates on the distances to nearby molecular clouds observed with Herschel by using recent results based on 3D dust extinction mapping and Gaia. We examined the widths of filaments from individual clouds separately, as opposed to treating them as a single population. We used these per-cloud filament widths to search for signs of variation amongst the clouds of the previously published study. Results: We find a significant dependence of the mean per-cloud filament width with distance. The distribution of mean filament widths for nearby clouds is incompatible with that of farther away clouds. The mean per-cloud widths scale with distance approximately as 4--5 times the beam size. We examine the effects of resolution by performing a convergence study of a filament profile in the Herschel image of the Taurus Molecular Cloud. We find that resolution can severely affect the shapes of radial profiles over the observed range of distances. Conclusions: We conclude that the data are inconsistent with 0.1 pc being the universal characteristic width of filaments.