Free-breathing 3D Cardiac T1 Mapping with Transmit B1 Correction at 3T

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel free-breathing 3D cardiac T1 mapping technique at 3T that incorporates transmit B1 correction, joint T1 and flip-angle estimation, and accelerated imaging, enabling whole-heart imaging within a practical time frame.

Contribution

It presents a new free-breathing 3D cardiac T1 mapping method with transmit B1 correction, joint T1 and flip-angle estimation, and accelerated imaging for improved accuracy and robustness.

Findings

Accurate T1 maps comparable to MOLLI in healthy subjects.

Effective transmit B1 mapping showing smooth spatial variation.

Achieved whole-heart 3D T1 mapping within approximately 14 minutes.

Abstract

Purpose: To develop a cardiac T1 mapping method for free-breathing 3D T1 mapping of the whole heart at 3T with transmit B1 (B1+) correction Methods: A free-breathing, ECG-gated inversion recovery sequence with spoiled gradient-echo readout was developed and optimized for cardiac T1 mapping at 3T. High-frame rate dynamic images were reconstructed from sparse (k,t)-space data acquired along a stack-of-stars trajectory using a subspace-based method for accelerated imaging. Joint T1 and flip-angle (FA) estimation was performed in T1 mapping to improve its robustness to B1+ inhomogeneity. Subject-specific timing of data acquisition was utilized in the estimation to account for natural heart-rate variations during the imaging experiment. Results: Simulations showed that accuracy and precision of T1 mapping can be improved with joint T1 and FA estimation and optimized ECG-gated SPGR-based IR acquisition scheme. The phantom study showed good agreement between the T1 maps from the proposed method and the reference method. 3D cardiac T1 maps (40 slices) were obtained at a 1.9 mm in-plane and 4.5 mm through-plane spatial resolution from healthy subjects (n=6) with an average imaging time of 14.2 +- 1.6 min (heartbeat rate: 64.2 +- 7.1 bpm), showing myocardial T1 values comparable to those obtained from MOLLI. The proposed method generated B1+ maps with spatially smooth variation showing 21-32% and 11-15% variations across the septal-lateral and inferior-anterior regions of the myocardium in the left ventricle. Conclusion: The proposed method allows free-breathing 3D T1 mapping of the whole-heart with transmit B1 correction in a practical imaging time.