Astrochemistry with the Orbiting Astronomical Satellite for Investigating Stellar Systems (OASIS)

TL;DR

OASIS, a proposed NASA space observatory with a large inflatable reflector, aims to revolutionize astrochemical studies of star and planet formation by providing unprecedented THz spectral observations of key molecules.

Contribution

The paper introduces the OASIS mission concept, detailing its capabilities to advance understanding of CHNOPS chemistry in star-forming regions through high-sensitivity THz observations.

Findings

Potential to characterize interstellar CHNOPS chemistry

Statistical constraints on light hydrides in disks

Probing high-excitation organics in star-forming regions

Abstract

Chemistry along the star- and planet-formation sequence regulates how prebiotic building blocks -- carriers of the elements CHNOPS -- are incorporated into nascent planetesimals and planets. Spectral line observations across the electromagnetic spectrum are needed to fully characterize interstellar CHNOPS chemistry, yet to date there are only limited astrochemical constraints at THz frequencies. Here, we highlight advances to the study of CHNOPS astrochemistry that will be possible with the Orbiting Astronomical Satellite for Investigating Stellar Systems (OASIS). OASIS is a NASA mission concept for a space-based observatory that will utilize an inflatable 14-m reflector along with a heterodyne receiver system to observe at THz frequencies with unprecedented sensitivity and angular resolution. As part of a survey of H2O and HD towards ~100 protostellar and protoplanetary disk systems, OASIS will also obtain statistical constraints on the inventories of light hydrides including NH3 and H2S towards protoplanetary disks, as well as complex organics in protostellar hot corinos and envelopes. Line surveys of additional star-forming regions, including high-mass hot cores, protostellar outflow shocks, and prestellar cores, will also leverage the unique capabilities of OASIS to probe high-excitation organics and small hydrides, as is needed to fully understand the chemistry of these objects.