Finite State Markov Modeling of C-V2X Erasure Links For Performance and Stability Analysis of Platooning Applications

TL;DR

This paper models C-V2X communication links with Markov chains to evaluate their impact on platoon stability and performance, accounting for packet loss and network topology changes.

Contribution

It introduces a Markov-based modeling approach for C-V2X links using empirical data, enabling more accurate performance and stability analysis of vehicle platoons.

Findings

Markov models effectively capture IPG dynamics in C-V2X links.

Communication impairments degrade platoon stability.

Model-based analysis guides design for robust platooning.

Abstract

Cooperative driving systems, such as platooning, rely on communication and information exchange to create situational awareness for each agent. Design and performance of control components are therefore tightly coupled with communication component performance. The information flow between vehicles can significantly affect the dynamics of a platoon. Therefore, both the performance and the stability of a platoon depend not only on the vehicle's controller but also on the information flow Topology (IFT). The IFT can cause limitations for certain platoon properties, i.e., stability and scalability. Cellular Vehicle-To-Everything (C-V2X) has emerged as one of the main communication technologies to support connected and automated vehicle applications. As a result of packet loss, wireless channels create random link interruption and changes in network topologies. In this paper, we model the communication links between vehicles with a first-order Markov model to capture the prevalent time correlations for each link. These models enable performance evaluation through better approximation of communication links during system design stages. Our approach is to use data from experiments to model the Inter-Packet Gap (IPG) using Markov chains and derive transition probability matrices for consecutive IPG states. Training data is collected from high fidelity simulations using models derived based on empirical data for a variety of different vehicle densities and communication rates. Utilizing the IPG models, we analyze the mean-square stability of a platoon of vehicles with the standard consensus protocol tuned for ideal communication and compare the degradation in performance for different scenarios.