Life-History traits and the replicator equation

TL;DR

This paper extends the replicator equation to include life-history traits like quiescence and seed banks, revealing how these traits can stabilize cooperation in various species.

Contribution

It introduces a low-dimensional replicator equation incorporating life-history traits under specific assumptions, enabling analysis of their impact on evolution.

Findings

Life-history traits can stabilize cooperation in populations.

The model applies to plant, invertebrate, and microbial species.

Quiescence and seed banks influence evolutionary dynamics.

Abstract

Due to the relevance for conservation biology, there is an increasing interest to extend evolutionary genomics models to plant, animal or microbial species. However, this requires to understand the effect of life-history traits absent in humans on genomic evolution. In this context, it is fundamentally of interest to generalize the replicator equation, which is at the heart of most population genomics models. However, as the inclusion of life-history traits generates models with a large state space, the analysis becomes involving. We focus, here, on quiescence and seed banks, two features common to many plant, invertebrate and microbial species. We develop a method to obtain a low-dimensional replicator equation in the context of evolutionary game theory, based on two assumptions: (1) the life-history traits are {\it per se} neutral, and (2) frequency-dependent selection is weak. We use the results to investigate the evolution and maintenance of cooperation based on the Prisoner's dilemma. We first consider the generalized replicator equation, and then refine the investigation using adaptive dynamics. It turns out that, depending on the structure and timing of the quiescence/dormancy life-history trait, cooperation in a homogeneous population can be stabilized. We finally discuss and highlight the relevance of these results for plant, invertebrate and microbial communities.