First Tests of the I-BEAT Detector as Primary Monitor for Target Normal Sheath Accelerated Protons

TL;DR

This paper reports the initial testing of the I-BEAT acoustic detector for real-time monitoring of laser-accelerated proton beams, demonstrating its potential despite current limitations.

Contribution

It introduces the adaptation and testing of the I-BEAT detector for proton spectrum measurement near laser targets, showing its feasibility in harsh conditions.

Findings

Successfully retrieved broad proton spectra close to the source.

Demonstrated EMP resistance and online detection capability.

Identified need for increased dynamic range.

Abstract

The properties of laser-accelerated ion bunches are demanding and require development of suitable beam diagnostics. In particular, the short and intense particle bunches with a broad energy spectrum emitted in conjunction with a strong electromagnetic pulse (EMP) are challenging for conventional and well established monitoring systems. An approach based on measuring the acoustic signals of particles depositing their energy in water, referred to as ionoacoustics [https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4905047] was recently developed into Ion-Bunch Energy Acoustic Tracing (I-BEAT)\cite{haffa_i-beat:_2019}. I-BEAT allows online detection of single proton bunches while being cost effective and EMP resistant. A simple water phantom equipped with only one ultrasound transducer positioned on the ion axis allows for reconstructing a rather complex energy spectrum that is typical for (manipulated) laser-accelerated ion bunches. To deduce the lateral bunch properties, additional transducers can be added, for example perpendicular to the ion beam axis. This established setup has been adapted for use closely behind the laser target and tested at the PHELIX laser at GSI. The capability of the system to retrieve information about the broad proton spectrum close to the source despite the harsh conditions has been demonstrated. Future improvements are required, most importantly the increase of dynamic range. Nevertheless, I-BEAT holds promise to evolve into an online diagnostic tool particularly suited for laser-driven source development and optimization at high repetition rates.