Error analysis for a parabolic PDE model problem on a coupled moving domain in a fully Eulerian framework

TL;DR

This paper presents a comprehensive stability and error analysis of an unfitted finite element method with Lagrange multipliers for a coupled moving domain parabolic PDE problem in a fully Eulerian framework, including numerical validation.

Contribution

It provides the first complete error analysis for a coupled moving domain problem using a fully Eulerian approach with an unfitted finite element method.

Findings

Established stability of the numerical scheme.

Derived error estimates in the energy norm.

Validated theoretical results with numerical examples.

Abstract

We introduce an unfitted finite element method with Lagrange-multipliers to study an Eulerian time stepping scheme for moving domain problems applied to a model problem where the domain motion is implicit to the problem. We consider a parabolic partial differential equation (PDE) in the bulk domain, and the domain motion is described by an ordinary differential equation (ODE), coupled to the bulk partial differential equation through the transfer of forces at the moving interface. The discretisation is based on an unfitted finite element discretisation on a time-independent mesh. The method-of-lines time discretisation is enabled by an implicit extension of the bulk solution through additional stabilisation, as introduced by Lehrenfeld & Olshanskii (ESAIM: M2AN, 53:585-614, 2019). The analysis of the coupled problem relies on the Lagrange-multiplier formulation, the fact that the Lagrange-multiplier solution is equal to the normal stress at the interface and that the motion of the interface is given through rigid body motion. This paper covers the complete stability analysis of the method and an error estimate in the energy norm, under an assumption on the discrete interface velocity. This includes the dynamic error in the domain motion resulting from the discretised ODE and the forces from the discretised PDE. To the best of our knowledge this is the first error analysis of this type of coupled moving domain problem in a fully Eulerian framework. Numerical examples illustrate the theoretical results.