Multiqubit entanglement and quantum phase gates with epsilon-near-zero plasmonic waveguides

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates how epsilon-near-zero plasmonic waveguides can generate long-range, multi-qubit entanglement and high-fidelity quantum phase gates at room temperature, overcoming decoherence challenges in quantum photonics.

Contribution

It introduces a novel ENZ nanostructure system that enhances multiqubit entanglement and quantum gate fidelity, independent of emitter positions, with potential for scalable quantum computing.

Findings

Achieved transient entanglement between 3 and 4 qubits mediated by ENZ.

Demonstrated entanglement generation independent of emitter positions.

Designed a high-fidelity two-qubit quantum phase gate using ENZ superradiance.

Abstract

Multiqubit entanglement is extremely important to perform truly secure quantum optical communication and computing operations. However, the efficient generation of long-range entanglement over extended time periods between multiple qubits randomly distributed in a photonic system remains an outstanding challenge. This constraint is mainly due to the detrimental effects of decoherence and dephasing. To alleviate this issue, we present engineered epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) nanostructures that can maximize the coherence of light-matter interactions at room temperature. We investigate a practical ENZ plasmonic waveguide system which simultaneously achieves multiqubit entanglement in elongated distances, extended time periods, and, even more importantly, independent of the emitters positions. More specifically, we present efficient transient entanglement between three and four optical qubits mediated by ENZ with results that can be easily generalized to an arbitrary number of emitters. The entanglement between multiple qubits is characterized by computing the negativity metric applied for the first time to the proposed nanophotonic ENZ configuration. The ENZ response is found to be substantially advantageous to boost the coherence between multiple emitters compared to alternative plasmonic waveguide schemes. Finally, the superradiance collective emission response at the ENZ resonance is utilized to design a new high fidelity two-qubit quantum phase gate that can be used in various emerging quantum computing applications.