Formation of giant plasmoids at the pulsar wind termination shock: A possible origin of the inner-ring knots in the Crab Nebula

TL;DR

This study uses advanced simulations to show that giant plasmoids formed by magnetic reconnection at pulsar wind termination shocks could explain the origin of the inner-ring knots observed in the Crab Nebula.

Contribution

The paper demonstrates that giant plasmoids produced by magnetic reconnection can account for the Crab Nebula's inner-ring knots, a phenomenon previously not well understood.

Findings

Giant plasmoids form through magnetic reconnection at the shock.

The number of plasmoids depends on the inverse of the reconnection rate.

Plasmoids can grow to macroscopic sizes, explaining observed knots.

Abstract

Nearby pulsar wind nebulae exhibit complex morphological features: jets, torus, arcs and knots. These structures are well captured and understood in the scope of global magnetohydrodynamic models. However, the origin of knots in the inner radius of the Crab Nebula remains elusive. In this work, we investigate the dynamics of the shock front and downstream flow with a special emphasis on the reconnecting equatorial current sheet. We examine whether giant plasmoids produced in the reconnection process could be good candidates for the knots. To this end, we perform large semi-global three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations in a spherical geometry. The hierarchical merging plasmoid model is used to extrapolate numerical results to pulsar wind nebula scales. The shocked material collapses into the midplane, forming and feeding a large-scale, but thin, ring-like current layer. The sheet breaks up into a dynamical chain of merging plasmoids reminiscent of three-dimensional reconnection. Plasmoids grow to a macroscopic size. The final number of plasmoids predicted is solely governed by the inverse of the dimensionless reconnection rate. The formation of giant plasmoids is a robust feature of pulsar wind termination shocks. They provide a natural explanation for the inner-ring knots in the Crab Nebula, provided that the nebula is highly magnetized.