On-line computing challenges: detector and readout requirements

TL;DR

This paper reviews the online data acquisition and trigger system challenges for FCC-ee's Tera-Z operation, focusing on detector readout, background impact, and precision luminosity monitoring to enable high-precision physics measurements.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis of the technical challenges and constraints in designing online selection systems for FCC-ee's high-luminosity Z-pole experiments.

Findings

Identifies key challenges in detector readout speeds and background management.

Highlights the importance of unbiased trigger systems for systematic uncertainty control.

Discusses the impact of system design on achieving ultra-precise luminosity measurements.

Abstract

The operation at the Z-pole of the FCC-ee machine will deliver the highest possible instantaneous luminosities with the goal of collecting the largest Z boson datasets (Tera-Z), and enable a programme of Standard Model physics studies with unprecedented precision. The data acquisition and trigger systems of the FCC-ee experiments must be designed to be as unbiased and robust as possible, with the goal of containing the systematic uncertainties associated with these datasets at the smallest possible level, in order to not compromise the extremely small statistical uncertainties. In designing these experiments, we are confronted by questions on detector readout speeds with an extremely tight material and power budget, trigger systems with a first hardware level or implemented exclusively on software, impact of background sources on event sizes, ultimate precision luminosity monitoring (to the $10^{-5} - 10^{-4}$ level), and sensitivity to a broad range of non-conventional exotic signatures, such as long-lived non-relativistic particles. We will review the various challenges on online selection for the most demanding Tera-Z running scenario and the constraints they pose on the design of FCC-ee detectors.