Analytical impedance of oxygen transport in the channel and gas diffusion layer of a PEM fuel cell

TL;DR

This paper presents an analytical impedance model for oxygen transport in the GDL and cathode channel of PEM fuel cells, highlighting how CCL thickness influences impedance features and relaxation spectra.

Contribution

It introduces a new analytical formula for impedance considering fast transport in the catalyst layer, aiding in better interpretation of electrochemical impedance spectra.

Findings

Impedance consists of two arcs for channel and GDL transport.

GDL arc frequency decreases with increasing CCL thickness.

Small CCL thickness introduces a high-frequency feature in impedance.

Abstract

Analytical model for impedance of oxygen transport in the gas--diffusion layer (GDL) and cathode channel of a PEM fuel cell is developed. The model is based on transient oxygen mass conservation equations coupled to the proton current conservation equation in the catalyst layer. Analytical formula for the "GDL+channel" impedance is derived assuming that the oxygen and proton transport in the cathode catalyst layer (CCL) are fast. In the Nyquist plot, the resulting impedance consists of two arcs describing oxygen transport in the air channel (low-frequency arc) and in the GDL. The characteristic frequency of GDL arc depends on the CCL thickness: large CCL thickness strongly lowers this frequency. At small CCL thickness, the high-frequency feature on the arc shape forms. This effect is important for identification of peaks in distribution of relaxation times spectra of low--Pt PEMFCs.