On the application of incomplete FWH surfaces for aeroacoustic predictions

TL;DR

This paper investigates the use of incomplete FWH surfaces in aeroacoustic predictions, demonstrating that finite, strategically placed permeable surfaces can accurately predict noise at specific observer locations, even when modeling only part of the aircraft.

Contribution

It introduces a methodology for using incomplete FWH surfaces in frequency domain aeroacoustic predictions, expanding the applicability of FWH techniques to partial surface models.

Findings

Incomplete surfaces can accurately predict noise at specific observer positions.

Permeable surfaces should be placed between sources and observers for best results.

Sources must not be truncated to ensure valid predictions.

Abstract

This work is motivated by CFD simulations from a realistic landing gear performed modeling only the half bottom of the aircraft fuselage [15]. Hence, in this previous analysis, the aeroacoustic predictions had to employ incomplete FWH surfaces. In the present study, a discussion on the closed surface requirement is provided for the frequency domain FWH formulation, although we believe that the approach presented here can also be applied for the time-domain methodology. We show that all sources computed on the closed permeable surface may play an important role if the acoustic prediction is sought at observer positions distributed along the entire circular arc. However, results obtained for 2D and 3D model problems show that, if wisely designed, a permeable FWH surface composed only by a finite patch, i.e., an incomplete surface, can be employed to accurately predict the noise at specific observer positions. In this case, the surface must be placed between the line of sight from the sources to the observers, for example, in flyover or sideline locations. In the current applications, results from finite surfaces agree with the expected values as long as the source magnitudes decay on elements distant from the true incident source, i.e., the airframe. Hence, in order for this approach to be valid, the sources cannot be truncated. The planar setup is beneficial in airframe noise applications since it avoids contamination by quadrupole sources crossing the boundaries and also may simplify the surface design.