TL;DR
This paper reviews tidal theories and observational methods for studying the rotational and orbital variations of star-planet systems, focusing on the creep tide and CTL models, and discusses how these relate to observed orbital decay and stellar rotation changes.
Contribution
It provides a comparative review of tidal theories and discusses recent observational determinations of relaxation factors and time lags in star-planet systems.
Findings
Analysis of tidal models and their equations.
Discussion of observational methods for relaxation factors.
Insights into stellar rotation variations due to stellar winds.
Abstract
This paper reviews the basic equations used in the study of the tidal variations of the rotational and orbital elements of a system formed by one star and one close-in planet as given by the creep tide theory and Darwin's constant time lag (CTL) theory. At the end, it reviews and discusses the determinations of the relaxation factors (and time lags) in the case of host stars and hot Jupiters based on actual observations of orbital decay, stellar rotation and age, etc. It also includes a recollection of the basic facts concerning the variations of the rotation of host stars due to the leakage of angular momentum associated with stellar winds.
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