Planckian Physics Comes Into Play At Planckian Distance From Horizon
Pei-Ming Ho, Hikaru Kawai, Yuki Yokokura

TL;DR
This paper investigates how higher-derivative interactions near a black hole horizon lead to exponential growth in particle creation amplitudes, causing the breakdown of effective theory predictions at Planckian distances and influencing black-hole evaporation.
Contribution
It introduces the role of Planckian physics in black-hole evaporation by analyzing particle creation amplitudes with higher-derivative interactions near the horizon.
Findings
Amplitudes grow exponentially with time near the horizon.
Effective theory breaks down at the scrambling time.
Planckian physics influences black-hole evaporation outcomes.
Abstract
In the background of a gravitational collapse, we compute the transition amplitudes for the creation of particles for distant observers due to higher-derivative interactions in addition to Hawking radiation. The amplitudes grow exponentially with time and become of order 1 when the collapsing matter is about a Planck length outside the horizon. As a result, the effective theory breaks down at the scrambling time, invalidating its prediction of Hawking radiation. Planckian physics comes into play to decide the fate of black-hole evaporation.
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Taxonomy
TopicsQuantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect · Black Holes and Theoretical Physics · Relativity and Gravitational Theory
