Proton decay matrix elements on the lattice at physical pion mass

TL;DR

This paper presents a nonperturbative lattice calculation of proton decay matrix elements at physical quark masses, reducing uncertainties in GUT model predictions and aiding experimental searches.

Contribution

It provides the first lattice QCD calculation of proton decay matrix elements at physical quark masses with controlled systematic effects.

Findings

Results agree with previous calculations at heavier quark masses.

Reduces ambiguity in GUT model constraints.

Performs nonperturbative renormalization and excited state analysis.

Abstract

Proton decay is a major prediction of Grand-Unified Theories (GUT) and its observation would indicate baryon number violation that is required for baryogenesis. Many decades of searching for proton decay have constrained its rate and ruled out some of the simplest GUT models. Apart from the baryon number-violating interactions, this rate also depends on transition amplitudes between the proton and mesons or leptons produced in the decay, which are matrix elements of three-quark operators. We report nonperturbative calculation of these matrix elements for the most studied two-body decay channels into a meson and antilepton done on a lattice with physical light and strange quark masses and lattice spacings $a\approx0.14$ and 0.20 fm. We perform nonperturbative renormalization and excited state analysis to control associated systematic effects. Our results largely agree with previous lattice calculations done with heavier quark masses and thus remove ambiguity in ruling out some simple GUT theories due to quark mass dependence of hadron structure.