TOI-2076 and TOI-1807: Two young, comoving planetary systems within 50 pc identified by TESS that are ideal candidates for further follow-up

TL;DR

This paper reports the discovery of two young, nearby planetary systems around comoving stars identified by TESS, highlighting their potential for follow-up studies on planet formation and atmospheres due to their unique characteristics.

Contribution

The paper presents the first identification of two young, comoving planetary systems within 50 pc, including a multi-planet system and a young ultra-short period planet, suitable for detailed follow-up.

Findings

Three planets around TOI-2076 with radii 3.3-4.4 R⊕ and periods >17 days.

A young, ultra-short period planet around TOI-1807 with radius 1.8 R⊕ and period 0.549 days.

Both systems are ideal for follow-up observations to study young planet atmospheres and formation processes.

Abstract

We report the discovery of two planetary systems around comoving stars; TOI-2076 (TIC 27491137) and TOI-1807 (TIC 180695581). TOI-2076 is a nearby (41.9 pc) multi-planetary system orbiting a young (204$\pm$50 Myr), bright (K = 7.115 in TIC v8.1). TOI-1807 hosts a single transiting planet, and is similarly nearby (42.58pc), similarly young (180$\pm$40 Myr), and bright. Both targets exhibit significant, periodic variability due to star spots, characteristic of their young ages. Using photometric data collected by TESS we identify three transiting planets around TOI-2076 with radii of R$_b$=3.3$\pm$0.04$R_\oplus$, R$_c$=4.4$\pm$0.05$R_\oplus$, and R$_d$=4.1$\pm$0.07$R_\oplus$. Planet TOI-2076b has a period of P$_b$=10.356 d. For both TOI 2076c and d, TESS observed only two transits, separated by a 2-year interval in which no data were collected, preventing a unique period determination. A range of long periods (>17d) are consistent with the data. We identify a short-period planet around TOI-1807 with a radius of R$_b$=1.8$\pm$0.04$R_\oplus$ and a period of P$_b$=0.549 d. Their close proximity, and bright, cool host stars, and young ages, make these planets excellent candidates for follow-up. TOI-1807b is one of the best known small ($R<2R_\oplus$) planets for characterization via eclipse spectroscopy and phase curves with JWST. TOI-1807b is the youngest ultra-short period planet discovered to date, providing valuable constraints on formation time-scales of short period planets. Given the rarity of young planets, particularly in multiple planet systems, these planets present an unprecedented opportunity to study and compare exoplanet formation, and young planet atmospheres, at a crucial transition age for formation theory.